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1.Passive equilibrium (dissipative equilibrium)

Principle: By discharging through resistance, the energy of the battery with higher voltage is dissipated in the form of heat, making its voltage consistent with other batteries.

Advantages: Simple circuit and low cost.

Disadvantages: Energy waste, low efficiency, suitable for small capacity battery packs.

2.Active equilibrium (non dissipative equilibrium)

Principle: Through energy transfer, the energy of batteries with higher voltage is transferred to batteries with lower voltage to achieve balance.

Implementation method:

Capacitor balancing: using capacitors as energy transfer media.

Inductance balancing: using inductance as an energy transfer medium.

DC-DC converter balancing: Energy transfer is achieved through DC-DC converters.

Advantages: High energy utilization rate and fast balancing speed.

Disadvantages: The circuit is complex and the cost is high.